Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide and the Law :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Killing and the Law         A seriously disabled or at death's door individual ought to reserve the option to decide to live or die.  The option to live; the option to decide to live beyond words ought not exclusively be a privilege allotted for bodied people of sound brain however for all human beings.  Euthanasia is a disputable issue which incorporates the ethics, qualities and convictions of our general public.         Euthanasia, actually characterized signifies great death.  There are two sorts of willful extermination, dynamic and passive.  Active willful extermination is the deliberate slaughtering of an individual by clinical faculty either by a deadly infusion or by denying customary methods for survival.  The demonstration of killing called uninvolved willful extermination, is submitted by denying or retaining customary clinical consideration to a patient.         Currently, under Canadian law willful extermination is restricted. In Holland willful extermination has been acknowledged, on a fundamental level for critically ill patients, on request.  It comes to be viewed as training for those whose personal satisfaction is decided without anyone else as worthless.  Even however willful extermination isn't yet lawful in Holland, it is legitimately tolerated.  Doctors are once in a while arraigned and much more once in a while convicted.  If willful extermination were to be decriminalized in Canada certain limitations would need to be instituted, to guarantee that a patient's privileges are not encroached upon.  A living will ought to be made when the patient is of clear mind.  Also, a board ought to be chosen and delineated in the living will. The committee ought to be picked by the patient, when the patient is of sound brain also, can make decisions.  The gathering may comprise of the patient's family, specialist or some other the person in question feels have a similar view or impression of life.         Presently in Canada a living will is certainly not a legitimately restricting document.  A living will is a report arranged and murmured ahead of time of ailment, in which a individual may indicate which treatment or care is to be retained or pulled back from that person in certain situations.  It is incredibly broad, attempting to cover a wide scope of mishaps or sicknesses and conceivable treatments.  Living wills are made to secure the person who can't take part in choices

Why the United States Did Not Ratify the Treaty of Versaille essays

Why the United States Did Not Ratify the Treaty of Versaille papers In November of 1918, Germany consented to the proposed cease-fire, finishing World War I. They accepted that the harmony would be liberal, and dependent on Wilsons Fourteen Points. They were in for an overwhelming amazement. What both Germany and President Wilson didnt expect were conspicuous world pioneers following up on sentiments of ravenousness, instead of what might be helpful for the Worlds individuals. The Worlds chiefs were not excited with Wilson either, considering him an affected pioneer who just professed to stress over all humankind. It was said by Premier Georges Clemenceau of France Wilson exhausts me with his Fourteen Points! Why, God Almighty has just ten! Obviously, things went poorly from the beginning. As much as Wilson needed to sanction the Treaty of Versailles and Join in forestalling future world clashes, the resistance was dreadfully extraordinary. The Treaty of Versailles was drafted in Paris, France by the individuals who had come to be known as the large four, or the pioneers of the four partnered powers during WWI: Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy, the affore referenced Premier Clemenceau of France, and, obviously, President Wilson. Every one of the three European pioneers appeared to be set on getting however much land and riches as could reasonably be expected out of the war, and rebuffing the adversary however much as could be expected. Each of the three nations endured enormous misfortune, money related and something else, as the war was battled in their patios, and they werent going to overlook. They saw Wilsons perspective on ensuring everybody gets out with a grin all over as an oblivious assessment of somebody who hadnt looked at the adversary without flinching, however they werent stressed over the arrangement, since they knew whether Wilson didn't sign it, war w ill undoubtedly happen once more, and very soon. Wilson knew as well, and he requested straightforwardly to the individuals of America. The individuals of America had totally different perspectives ... <!

Freedom isnt free.

Freedom isn’t free. DID YOU KNOW? Hey Ruth [07], I need a did you know? Oh, those are always the best part how about the milk vending machine in the basement of building 2? I dont know, I dont think milk vending machines are that uncommon. No, parents are going to read this and be all, Oh good, my little Johnnys gonna have calcium! They have banana and chocolate and strawberry and coffee and wait, I can look them all up. Okay, I think Ill leave it at that. [five minutes later] Hey, the Quik rabbits name is Quicky that could be a did you know. So I just got this e-mail from Maxine, president of MITs chapter of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, which Im not even really a member of. From: Maxine Date: 10/1/2006 9:55 PM Subject: [AICHE] 10B: biology minor form application due Friday Fill out a form. Get a free bio minor. But do it by Friday. :) Max In my freshman year, Course 10: Chemical Engineering decided to add Course 10B: Biological AND Chemical Engineering to its repertoire. Their reasoning was something about blah blah blah we think this represents the new standard in engineering and it will inspire students to look into biology startups and to la la la la fa la la lee but really they meant now we get more pre-meds into our major and increase our enrollment so MIT will give us more money! But anyway, the way Course 10 designed the 10B major, you get a free biology minor just by completing it. Rock! Thatll look great on your med school application! But eveen the regular old course 10 major in this regard finishing it leaves you only one class away from a chemistry minor. This is why 5.03: Principles of Inorganic Chemistry is filled with course 10 seniors the first week until theyre all like Group theory? shlpshlpshlpshlpshlpshlp and drop it in favor of sleeping until 11 AM and playing Super Nintendo all the time. But I took it sophomore year. What now, MIT?!

Construct A Cost -benefit Analysis Matrix For An Organization

Construct a Cost -Benefit Analysis matrix for an organization that is considering replacing its internal payroll system with a payroll outsourcing service. Include direct and indirect revenue enhancements and direct and indirect cost reductions. A cost benefit analysis is an analysis of change in the cost-benefit ratio; a comparison of current existing circumstances with new conditions that are projected to exist after the HRIS investment (Carlson Kavanagh, 2012, p. 185). It provides the most comprehensive monetary measures of the positive and negative consequences of a possible internal payroll system if done correctly. With a payroll outsourcing service, it is important to determine the risks and incentives of decision actions. The chart below displays a Cost-Benefit matrix for an organization that is considering replacing its internal payroll system with a payroll outsourcing service. Direct and Indirect Benefit consists of Revenue: (D) Improve employee job performance, (I) quicker systems and better reporting options. Reductions: (D) Combine systems into one vendor and (I) Employee’s to do other task. Cost consists of: New Payroll Systems: (D) implementation and (I) Trouble shooting/IT. (Carlson Kavanagh, 2012) Direct Indirect Benefit Revenue Improve employee job performance Quicker Systems Better reporting options Reductions Combine system into one vendor Employees’ time to do other tasks Cost New payroll systems Implementation TroubleShow MoreRelatedISAC Introduction ISAC stands for information systems work and analysis of changes. ISAC is the1100 Words   |  5 PagesISAC Introduction ISAC stands for information systems work and analysis of changes. ISAC is the method used for system development. Such methods are developed in order to improve the quality and efficiency of system development process. 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Chapter four†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4.1SWOT Analysis of the company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4.2BCG matrix of different product lines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.3Market share analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4.4Trend analysis of financial performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5. Chapter five†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5.1Findings and suggestions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5.2Improvements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreStrategic Management9967 Words   |  40 PagesMission Statements for the Organization 2 2.1 Dell’s Proposed Vision 2 2.2 Dell’s Proposed Mission 3 Step 3: Identify the Organization’s External Opportunities and Threats 3 3.1 Opportunities 3 3.2 Threats 5 Step 4: Construct a Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) 7 Step 5: Construct an External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix 8 Step 6: Identify the Organization’s Internal Strengths and Weaknesses 9 Step 7: Construct an Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix 10 Step 8: Prepare a Strengths-Weakness-Opportunities-ThreatsRead MoreReliability and Validity in Personality Testing Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesare the number one tool used to match the right person to the right position (ND.gov, 2015). 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This paper examines the importance of stakeholder identification for project management, outlines various strategies for identifying stakeholders, discusses the implications and identification of project management bias in analyzing

Essay on the Roles of Trinculo and Stephano in The Tempest

The Roles of Trinculo and Stephano in The Tempest Trinculo and Stephano have two major roles in The Tempest - comic relief and the theme of exploration. Because of this double nature to their characters, they are more important than they initially appear. The Tempest is a comedy. The play may not seem to fit into the category of comedy as it exists today; but in the 17th century comedy was very different. Certainly, The Tempest would never be confused with a modern television comedy - the art of comedy has evolved too far. The main plot of the play - the plot involving Prospero regaining his rightful position as the Duke of Milan - seem to be overly serious for a comedy. The scenes containing Trinculo and†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare removes any superfluousness about them in act III, scene II, in which he links them into the main plot by creating their desire to overthrow Prospero and rule the island. This idea in itself is amusing, as it is evident from the beginning that the drunken trio of Trinculo, Stephano and Caliban do not have the slightest chance against Prospero and his Art, as is shown later, in act V, scene I. This link with Prospero and the other characters in tenuous, however, and Trinculo and Stephano never seem to fit particularly comfortably into the play as a whole; perhaps this is because their humorous scenes contrast so greatly with the seriousness of the rest of the play. It must always be remembered that The Tempest was written for an audience that existed over 300 years ago, so some elements are inevitably going to seem somewhat unusual. Something else that distinguishes them from the other main characters is that they appear to have been written as stereotypes - one is a jester, the other is a drunken butler - whereas the other characters all have very carefully defined, individual characters. There is also something a little more complex involved in Trinculo and Stephanos characters, though. At the time that The Tempest was written, people were fascinated by the New World and exploration, and marvelled at strange creatures brought backShow MoreRelated The Tempest: Allegorical to the Bible Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tempest: Allegorical to the Bible The Tempest is not a pure fantasy tale, but a purposeful allegory. The characters in the play are all representative of characters found in the bible. The first, and perhaps most persuasive, arguement would be Prospero symbolizing God. Prospero is seen to be a representative of God for several reasons. First, he is obviously in control of the actions and has an omnipotent quality. This has been demonstrated by several scenes throughout the play. ConsiderRead MoreThe Tempest - Relationship Between Prospero and Caliban1667 Words   |  7 Pagesuses to present the relationship between Prospero and Caliban. ‘The Tempest’ was the last play written by Shakespeare and is widely regarded to be his greatest play. ‘The Tempest’ is thought to have been written about the year 1610. All of Shakespeare’s previously used genres are in the play: romance, tragedy, comedy and history. ‘The Tempest’ adheres to the three classical unities, unity of time, action and place. ‘The Tempest’ takes place in a twenty-four hour time period which abides by the unityRead More Essay on Bravery in The Tempest823 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Bravery in The Tempest   Ã‚  Ã‚   Bravery performs a very important role in The Tempest.   Different than a motif, the theme of bravery actually takes form in Shakespeares play and develops the play itself.   However, like a motif, bravery is used intermittently throughout the play in different form and context.   It captures different meanings and performs different capacities erratically.   A denotative definition from the 15th century, according to the Merriam-Webster CollegiateRead More The Character of Caliban in The Tempest Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe Character of   Caliban in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Caliban is the only authentic native of what is often called Prosperos Island. However, he is not an indigenous islander, his mother Sycorax was from Argier, and his father Setebos seems to have been a Patagonian deity. Sycorax was exiled from Argier for witch-craft, much like Prospero himself, and Caliban was born on the island. Calibans own understanding of his position is made eloquently plain when we first meet him:    I must eatRead More European Colonization in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesNo Critique of European Colonization in The Tempest      Since the 1960s, several critics have found a critique of colonialism in their respective readings of Shakespeares The Tempest. The most radical of these analyses takes Prospero to be a European invader of the magical but primitive land that he comes to rule, using his superior knowledge to enslave its original inhabitants, most notably Caliban, and forcing them to do his bidding. While the textual clues concerning the geographic locationRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1603 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s play, The Tempest, power is manifested in several forms: the investigation of the power of love, the power of magic and illusion, or the power of nature. However, in The Tempest, power is most clearly defined as dominance. Throughout the play, there is a universal pursuit of dominance over other people, dominance over property, or dominance over cultural ideals. These pursuits of dominance are used in an attempt to further ones authority, and, ultimately, oneâ €™s life. In The Tempest, a motif ofRead MoreThe Selfish Act Of Colonialism : A Nascent Of English Colonialism1741 Words   |  7 PagesOn answering the question, â€Å"To what extent is The Tempest â€Å"about† nascent English colonial?† I would say that this Shakespearean play is completely a nascent of English colonialism, because it’s plot is based around colonialism. The story describes white men inhabiting an island and proceed to fight for control, without any input by the natives. What makes this a story specifically about nascent English colonialism is the alluding fact that humans are power hungry, which will prove to be true withinRead More tempcolon Comparing Language in Shakespeares Tempest and Aime Cesaires A Tempest892 Words   |  4 PagesColonial Language in Shakespeares The Tempest and Aime Cesaires A Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   Language and literature are the most subtle and seductive tools of domination. They gradually shape thoughts and attitudes on an almost subconscious level. Perhaps Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak states this condition most succinctly in her essay The Burden of English when she writes, Literature buys your assent in an almost clandestine way...for good or ill, as medicine or poison, perhaps always a bit of both(137)Read More The Character of Caliban in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1786 Words   |  8 PagesThe Character of Caliban in The Tempest       This thing of darkness, I must acknowledge mine It is impossible to understand The Tempest without first understanding the character of Caliban. Despite numerous novels and poems praising the virtuous, the pure and the good, everyone has within them a darker side of depravity and evil thoughts. This makes us human. 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William Wordsworth s The World Is Too Much With Us ``

I invited William Wordsworth due to his literary works and the influence that he held on literal romanticism. This, he did with published works such as the prelude that was considered by many to be the crowning achievement of English romanticism. Romanticism was a movement that started as a counter to the Industrial Revolution as can be seen in the works of Wordsworth. For example in the poem â€Å"The World is too much with Us†, he states that humanity is losing touch with nature and all it encompasses. He states that man has sold his soul since his soul cannot be appeased by beautiful things such as â€Å"the howling of the wind† and â€Å"the sea that bares her bosom to the moon†. He claims that man has become self-consumed with seeking out material possessions, a characteristic of the industrial revolution. I invited Samuel Taylor Coleridge due to his close relationship with William Wordsworth. The two even published some works together. They came together la ter on in their lives to form a very close friendship due to their profession and love for literal works. I invited John Keats since he too was an author who CREATE A LITERARY DINNER PARTY3 contributed to English romanticism during the times in the late 18th to early 19th century. I invited him to the literary dinner party since I thought that he along with Coleridge and Wordsworth would have a lot to talk about. Victor Hugo, on the other hand, I invited along since I am a great admirer of his published works. Some of his famousShow MoreRelatedWilliam Wordsworth s The World Is Too Much With Us1448 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry Analysis: â€Å"The World is too Much with Us† William Wordsworth’s poem â€Å"The World is too Much with Us† is a sonnet published in 1807. Williams Wordsworth was an extreme lover of nature, and in the poem, the speaker stresses how the obsession we have with â€Å"getting and spending† causes us to forget the gift and the beauty of nature. The speaker tells about how this world is so overbearing, we cannot respect and appreciate nature, and since we are so caught up in ourselves and money, we do not takeRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth s The World Is Too Much With Us1474 Words   |  6 PagesThere’s Something About Nature In the same way Ted had lost touch with Mary, humans have lost their connection with nature. William Wordsworth, in his poem, â€Å"The World is Too Much With Us; Late and Soon,† illustrates the careless attitude of humans towards nature and all it has to offer. In this Italian sonnet, the narrator, who is Wordsworth himself, is standing on a grassy area overlooking the sea while wishing he could see the glory of nature which humanity has chosen to disregard. He also expressesRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth s The World Is Too Much With Us945 Words   |  4 PagesSecular Society In William Wordsworth’s â€Å"The world is too much with us,† the speaker both loves nature and wants to be part of a community; this is a conflict because the materialistic worldview of society is causing mass apathy toward nature. The tone is not nostalgic, something that is rare for Wordsworth. Instead of longing for a time gone past, the speaker is longing for a different world. Thus, the tone is melancholy. Wordsworth shows nature is necessary for a relationship with God through theRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth s The World Is Too Much With Us1348 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The World is too much with us† by William Wordsworth and â€Å"A Happening† by Denise Levertov address the conflict between nature and society. Wordsworth’s poem addresses how society is becoming less because of unlimited desires. Levertov reflects Wordsworth’s values, but using unique images to present this idea. Although these poems approach the same theme, literar y language and literary devices make them distinct. Literary devices can strengthen the message in a poem. For example, William WordsworthRead More The World is Too Much With Us by William Wordsworth Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesThe World is Too Much With Us by William Wordsworth In William Wordsworths The World is Too Much With Us, this poem heeds warning to his generation. This warning is that they are losing sight of what is actually important in this world: nature and God. To some people both of these are the same thing ...as if lacking appreciation for the natural gifts of God is not sin enough, we add to it the insult of pride for our rape of His land (Wordsworth). With his words, Wordsworth makes this messageRead MoreThe World Is Too Much With Us By William Wordsworth853 Words   |  4 Pagespoem â€Å"The World is Too Much with Us† by William Wordsworth is, in my opinion, one of the best Romantic era poems, and it is a prime example of the values and writing styles that are expressed in Romantic era literature. One of the ways that the poem resembles other literary works of the Romantic period is that one of the main themes of the poem is nature, and nature is also a theme that was very prevalent in the literary works from the Romantic era. F urthermore, the poem by Wordsworth resembles otherRead MoreAnalysis Of `` The World Is Too Much With Us `` By William Wordsworth873 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"The World is Too Much with Us† by William Wordsworth The poem â€Å"The World is Too Much with Us† by William Wordsworth is, one of the best romantic era poems, and it is a prime example of the values and writing styles that are expressed in romantic era literature. One of the ways that the poem resembles other literary works of the romantic period is that one of the main themes of the poem is nature, and nature is also a theme that was very prevalent in other literary works from the romanticRead More`` The Beat Goes On, I Am Your Host, By Caleb Argent, And Today1629 Words   |  7 Pagesat The Beat Goes on have decided that our journey of reflection will began at the peak of poems in the romantic era with a famous poet named William Wordsworth and his poem â€Å"The World Is To Much With Us† and end in the 21st century with a famous song called Gone by Jack Johnson. In William Wordsworth’s poem â€Å"The World Is To Much With Us† the theme shows us that humanity has lost its way or is losing its way. Over time this idea of â€Å"Humanity losing its way† has brought about many controversial opinionsRead MoreEssay on The World Is Too Much for Us915 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Wordsworths The World is Too Much With Us, this poem heeds warning to his generation. This warning is that they are losing sight of what is actually important in this world: nature and God. To some people both of these are the same thing ...as if lacking appreciation for the natural gifts of God is not sin enough, we add to it the insult of pride for our rape of His land (Wordsworth). With his words, Wordsworth makes this message perpetual and everlasting. William Wordsworth lovedRead MoreEssay Wordsworth’s Sonnets and Technology541 Words   |  3 PagesTechnology In William Wordsworth’s sonnets The World Is Too Much With Us and London 1802, he describes his society as being too dependent on technology. In Wordsworth’s time, the 1800’s, new phases of technology, such as electricity to run machines, were booming and people were relying more on them. With these new innovations, Wordsworth was convinced that people would stop appreciating nature while allowing technology to run their lives. In London 1802, Wordsworth describes how people

Business Valuation and Analysis Analysis of Blackmore Free Solution

Question: Describe about the Business Valuation and Analysis for Analysis of Blackmore. Answer: Introduction: The following study is concerned with the prospective analysis of Blackmore. The study has been undertaken to analyse the several models such as Dividend Discount Models, Free cash Flow and Residual Income Method. The valuation undertaken in the study outlines the estimate the value of firms stock price along with the future forecasting of the results derived. The information is derived from the financial statements including the current price shares with future forecasting of stock values. The cost of capital and forecasting of stock values reflects either pessimistic or opportunistic outcomes. Residual Income Method: The residual income is one of the processes concerned with the determination of equity, which formally relates to the cost of equity. Under the given study of Blackmore, the residual income represents the excess of opportunity cost, which is relatively measured in terms of the book value of the shareholders equity (Imam, Chan and Shah 2013). The residual income is the revenue generated by Blackmore after taking into the consideration the cost of capital of the organisation. The conceptual approach adopted by the organisation is concerned with the investors required rate of return from their resources such as equity by compensating them with the opportunity cost (Lazzati and Menichini 2015). Consequently, in order to create a shareholder value the management of Blackmore must generate returns at least as high as the opportunity cost. The residual value of Blackmore reflects a positive value of 27,377,000. Dividend Discount Model: The dividend discount model is the procedure, which helps in evaluating the stock prices through using the predicted dividends after discounting them back to the present value (Francis, Olsson and Oswald 2012). If the value obtained under the dividend discount model is higher than that of the shares, which are currently being traded, then such stocks are termed as undervalued. The value of shares for the Blackmore under the Dividend Discount model reflects a negative value of -9.90. On the other hand, if Blackmore follows the average growth rate to calculate the share price under the DDM model then the value of shares will be -11.88. Therefore, it can be concluded that under the DDM model the company will be considered as poor and should be avoided for any such future investment. Analysis: From the following discussions, it is understood that the net revenue projected growth rate is 18% for the financial year of 2016, which represents $599,485. The earnings before interest and tax is $145,221 for the year ended 2016. The Ra materials consumed are projected to grow by 23% for the financial year of 2016 and it is projected to grow over the years. The projections also identify the employees benefits expenditure, which is scheduled to grow by 20%. It is worth mentioning that the employee benefit is projected to grow by 134,933 for the financial year 2016 where as for the financial year of 2017 the projected growth is $161,515. The selling and marketing expenses consisted of 15% growth rate with $19,177 for the financial year of 2016. DDM: The share price derived from the dividend discount model reflects a negative amount of $9.90 with the equity value standing -$170,511 Residual Income Method: Under the residual income method share price represents $344.59 since the equity share value highlights a positive $17,225. Residual Operating Income Method: From the analysis it can be understood that sum value of share price derived through implementation of this model is -$40.70 with total number of ordinary shares 17,225 representing the equity value of $5,127,461.92 Free cash Flow (FCF): The forecasted share price derived with the implementation of free cash flow is $294.81 with total value of equity obtained $51, 44,778.99 In the computation of EBIT the depreciation and amortisation cost for the financial year of 2016 represents 7,045 with projected growth rate of 7% for the rest of the five-forecasted year. It is noteworthy to denote that the operating lease rental expenses for the forecasted five year is 22% with $4,496 for the financial year 2016. The operating lease rental expenses have a scheduled growth contributing to the growth of the company. The repairs and maintenance cost has a scheduled growth rate of 16% and the freight expenses is forecasted to grow by 21% with $10,906 for the financial year of 2016. It is notable to denote that the bank charges and other expenses are forecasted to grow by 27% and 10% respectively with $2,099 and $17,494 for the financial year of 2016. The cash flow statement of the Blackmore consists of taxable profit with projected growth rate of 30% with $143,411. The tax rate for the forecasted five years is 31% with $43,391 however after adding up the depreciation amount of $7,045. In order to ascertain the Net present value and Internal rate of return cost of capital has been computed with annual interest rate of 6.40%. The sum value of discounted cash flow for the financial year of 2016 derived represents $188,916 while on the other hand for the year ended 2017 the discounted cash flow increased to $2,48,643. The net present value computation rate is assumed at 6.40% annually, which approximately stood $2,279,600. It is worth mentioning that the Internal rate of return represents 161.50 %. The net present value derived is largely based on the write off value of the assets having a growth rate of 32% while the inventory changes represents the growth rate of 57%. The financial assets are classified under the fair value using p rofit and loss account. Therefore, the classification of these financial assets is largely dependent on the fact that the nature and objectives of the financial assets are identified and derecognised based on the trade data basis. The effective interest method is used in the computation of the amortised cost of debt instrument along with the allocation of the interest income over the relevant period. Therefore, income is identified based on the effective interest for debt instrument apart from the financial assets classified under the fair value of trading and profit and loss account. ROIM: Information is considered as central focus for every business organisation. It is worth mentioning that when an organisation has an access to a large number of data to access it can fulfil its business development in order to improve the customer services relationship by enabling enhanced business operations (Dolvin, Jordan and Miller 2012). For Blackmore it can get the benefit of quick access of data, which helps, in securing the requirement the investors information. Blackmore can maximize the Return on Information management by investing its resources in large management best practices. Managing the information with sustained returns: Blackmores organisational success depends upon maximisation of the organising records concerning the information management (Bielecki and Rutkowski 2013). Such organisational information management is concerned with potential business value regarding each kind of assets. Below listed are the best features of ROIM towards records information management. Consolidation of paper records: Blackmore consolidates its paper by bringing in various records and regarding multiple storage of vendor (Penman and Yehuda 2015). This helps in bringing the records under single vendor by helping in cutting down the storage and ensuring the records are managed under same set of rules and policies. Keeping the retention schedule updated: The records retention schedule helps the business to keep all their information under one roof unless or otherwise when needed. Well that being said, Blackmore keeps the necessary records and eliminates those, which unnecessarily occupies space (Agosto et al. 2016). Such practices help in reducing the cost of storage for Blackmore with the help of retention schedule. Classification of scheme: Blackmore classifies all its records through data generated authorization. Such classification enables the Blackmore accurately retain its data through retention schedule in the lead up to new business opportunities. This enables the company to remain competitive and operate more efficiently. The company also ensures that all the information provides a tangible return by ensuring that the documents are securely managed. Perspective analysis: Perspective analysis is one of the most common ways of computation of risk assessment for potential future years. Such procedure is helpful in forecasting the projected outcomes of the organisation in analysing from the figures undertaken based on the current market situations and historical cost of Blackmores. The current portion of this report justifies the figures obtained, which is applicable on the current market situations along with the past financial history of Blackmore through prediction of financial data. Projected sales growth: The projected sales growth provides in depth in to the working and functional operations of Blackmore. By analysing the previous results of the Blackmore, it is evident that the firm is putting more emphasis on the industries to increase along with the decrease in the offset of revenues of other industries. Blackmore are considered as one of the oldest industries in the Australian market from the decades however, with the advent of globalisation new potential competitors operating in the same industries has emerged as competitors in the consumer market and the company may in future face problems in retaining their customers from going in the hands of competitors. From the analysis, such impact has already been noticed in the revenue of the company in the financial year of 2015 when the sales revenue represents 34.24% with total value of 717,211. From the analysis it can be understood that the sales forecasted value has fallen 27.60% in the financial year 2016. However, it can be conc luded that the reason behind the downfall of such revenue is to the lack of innovating ideas and high amount of competition. Such indication of lost consumer compelled the firm to undertake the establishment of new stores so that they can cover up the lost grounds by capturing the market share Assets turnover ratio: The assets turnover ratio of Blackmore is computed based on the reformatted financial statements from the financial data along with the existing scenario of the particular industry. While looking at the financial statement of 2015 it is observed that the asset turnover ratio is was 2.86 times and it is worth mentioning that in the next financial year the assets turnover for the financial year of 2016 is 3.33 times. With the computation of forecasted Asset Turnover Ratios, Net Operating Assets (NOA) can be obtained by (NOA= Sales/ATO). Profit margin: Profit margin representing the (NOPAT/Sales) can be defined as the parameters, which requires the stakeholders to understand the estimated amount of profit a firm has the ability to generate. From the analysis it is understood that the profit margin of Blackmore 9.03% for the year ended 2015 whereas 13.14% for the financial year of 2016. Share valuation: As per the analysis the dividend discount model of the firm is -9.90 with abnormal earning model reflects negative amount of -14.02. The current investment situation concerning the shareholders is that Blackmore should re-invest their money towards profit maximisation with the objective of increasing the sales revenue and profit for the organisation as whole. Conclusion: To conclude with the study evaluates all the four models in the determination of the future stock prices with the help of the data from the financial statement of Blackmore. The value of shares for the Blackmore under the Dividend Discount model reflects a negative value of -55.27. Whereas, if Blackmore follows the average growth rate to calculate the share price under the DDM model then the value of shares will be -11.88. Therefore, it can be concluded that under the DDM model the company will be considered as poor and should be avoided for any such future investment. Reference List: Agosto, A., Mainini, A. and Moretto, E., 2016. Covariance of random stock prices in the Stochastic Dividend Discount Model.arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.03029. Bielecki, T.R. and Rutkowski, M., 2013.Credit risk: modeling, valuation and hedging. Springer Science Business Media. Bodie, Z., Kane, A. and Marcus, A.J., 2014.Investments, 10e. McGraw-Hill Education. Damodaran, A., 2012.Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset(Vol. 666). John Wiley Sons. Dolvin, S.D., Jordan, B.D. and Miller Jr, T.W., 2012.Fundamentals of investments: valuation and management. Francis, J., Olsson, P. and Oswald, D.R., 2012. Comparing the accuracy and explainability of dividend, free cash flow and abnormal earnings equity valuation models. Hann, R.N., Ogneva, M. and Ozbas, O., 2013. Corporate diversification and the cost of capital.The journal of finance,68(5), pp.1961-1999. Hurley, W.J., 2013. Calculating first moments and confidence intervals for generalized stochastic dividend discount models. Imam, S., Chan, J. and Shah, S.Z.A., 2013. Equity valuation models and target price accuracy in Europe: Evidence from equity reports.International Review of Financial Analysis,28, pp.9-19. Lazzati, N. and Menichini, A.A., 2015. A dynamic approach to the dividend discount model.Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies,18(03), p.1550018. Lee, A.C., Lee, J.C. and Lee, C.F., 2016. Valuation of Bonds and Stocks. InFinancial Analysis, Planning Forecasting: Theory and Application(pp. 197-267). Li, Y., Ng, D.T. and Swaminathan, B., 2013. Predicting market returns using aggregate implied cost of capital.Journal of Financial Economics,110(2), pp.419-436. Maravas, A. and Pantouvakis, J.P., 2012. Project cash flow analysis in the presence of uncertainty in activity duration and cost.International Journal of Project Management,30(3), pp.374-384. Norman, S., Schlaudraff, J., White, K. and Wills, D., 2013. Deriving the dividend discount model in the intermediate microeconomics class.The Journal of Economic Education,44(1), pp.58-63. Park, K. and Jang, S.S., 2013. Capital structure, free cash flow, diversification and firm performance: A holistic analysis.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, pp.51-63. Penman, S., 2016. Valuation: accounting for risk and the expected return.Abacus,52(1), pp.106-130. Penman, S.H. and Yehuda, N., 2015. A matter of principle: Accounting reports convey both cash-flow news and discount-rate news.Columbia Business School Research Paper, (14-16). Pinto, J.E., Robinson, T.R. and Stowe, J.D., 2015. Equity valuation: a survey of professional practice.Available at SSRN. Rackley, J., 2015. Return on Investment. InMarketing Analytics Roadmap(pp. 71-85). Apress. Waz, M.A., 2014.Return on Investment(Doctoral dissertation, Miami University).

U.S Supreme Court Antonin Scalia as a textualist

Introduction The concept of separation of powers aims at ensuring that branches of government with different tasks and mandates perform their duties independently without interference according to their areas of specialization. The main reason for such specialization is to limit the power that each branch of government has in a bid to prevent the creation of moral hazard.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on U.S Supreme Court: Antonin Scalia as a textualist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, such separation prevents one branch of government from interfering with another’s operations and performance of duties. However, it is essential to ensure that the branches of government operate within their mandate without overstepping their power. Since the three bodies constitute the highest offices in government, they should keep each other in check. Separation of power has often resulted in controversy as t he legislature and the judiciary’s powers sometimes overlap due to constitutional and statutory interpretations. The paper discusses some of the ways in which the theory of textualism makes interpretation easier, simplifies challenges, and how the theory compares to the theories of originalism and common law use of the principle of precedence in terms of objectivity and ease of application. The paper explores the three theories according to sentiments by the U.S Supreme Court judge Antonin Scalia in his work, A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law. Textualism: Antonin Scalia Antonin Scalia is a Judge of the Supreme Court – a position that he has held for the past twenty years. Scalia’s extensive experience in the judicial system has made his opinion on statutory and constitutional interpretation noteworthy, especially when conducting analyses on other theoretical approaches to the same. In his book, A Matter of Interpretation, Scalia clearly expr esses his support and preference for the textualist approach of interpretation. According to Scalia (1998), the most suitable interpretation of the constitution and other statutes is one where â€Å"the text is the law†¦and it is the text that must be observed† (p. 11), as it is simple, complies with constitutionality, and prevents the inclusion of personal prejudices during the interpretation process. In essence, textualism proposes a method of interpretation of statutes according to the meaning of the actual text and language in a statute. Scalia (1998) states that the ordinary meaning of a text governs the interpretation and that judges should not go outside the text to seek a meaning through the application of factors such as the intention of the law. In his opinion, textuality provides a sense of simplicity when interpreting legislation that most other methods lack (p.14).Advertising Looking for essay on constitutional law? Let's see if we can help you! Get you r first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, such simplicity eases the interpretation process and shortens the amount of time that a court spends contemplating on a decision, without compromising any of the statutory or constitutional provisions (Scalia, 1998, p.15). Another advantage that Scalia mentions in his text is the view that the adoption of textualism in interpretation creates uniformity in interpretation that other methods lack. Scalia (1998) explains this point by positing that the uniform application of statutes and constitutional provisions creates a possibility for uniformity in interpretation resulting in easy application of the law if judges choose to use textualism as opposed to any other method of interpretation (p.20). In Scalia’s view, the use of factors such as intention and legislative history results in subjective decisions and opens doors for personal prejudices, which becomes problematic because judges might use such criteria to create their version of what they think the law, should be instead of what it is. He expressly states, â€Å"My view that the objective indications of the words, rather than the intent of the legislature, is what constitutes the law leads me, of course, to the conclusion that the legislative history should not be used as an authoritative indication of a statute’s meaning† (Scalia, 1998, p. 29). Although Scalia’s arguments make a lot of sense, some scholars, especially in the law profession, argue that the theory has limitations like any other theories, and thus it does not qualify as the easiest theory to use in terms of flexibility and adaptability to changes in societal values. Some of the prominent theories that provide a comparison in application to textualism include the original intention theory and use of precedence. Original intent (originalism) The original intent theory of statutory and constitutional interpretation suggests that in order for judges to obtai n the correct interpretation, they must consider the intention of the legislature at the time of the statute’s inception and then apply such findings to cases at present. Proponents of this theory justify its formulation by stating that it aims at ensuring that judges understand the meaning of the text in statutes clearly before application (O’Brien, 2012, p.102). In this case, the intention of lawmakers suffices over the literal meaning of the text. Proponents of originalism argue that the vague nature of the constitution and statutes makes a literal reading of text problematic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on U.S Supreme Court: Antonin Scalia as a textualist specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, consideration of the intent of the legislature using the test of a reasonable man eliminates such limitation and results in ease of application. The proponents also state that the meaning of the law d oes not change even as society changes, thus safeguarding the core societal values it aims to protect. These arguments make sense in the light of globalization and the adoption of selective cultures, both of which create the potential risk of loss of identity in any society (Scalia, 1998, p.186). Although the application of the theory sounds simple, certain difficulties exist in terms of uniformity of interpretation. Different people interpret common situations differently. For instance, some people choose to focus on the positive side of any situation, while others bear an inclination to notice the negative. In the same way, some scholars, including Scalia, point out that it is nearly impossible for all judges to interpret the text in statutes the same way. The element of ambiguity is often the source of such lack of synchronicity. Secondly, reference to the original intent prevents the application of the statute in later cases whose facts comply with the application of the literal text meaning, but fails in terms of application according to the intent. One of the issues that have so far proven this point is the issue of homosexuality. Most legislative bodies in federal governments during the 1980s outlawed homosexuality in express terms. In current years, activism in support of gay rights has ignited the need to revisit the statutes. However, consideration of the original intent has so far been one of the reasons why incorporation of such rights into law has been nearly impossible. According to Scalia (1998, p.190), the basis for original intent is erroneous, thus creating possible grounds for nullification of the theory with regard to the interpretation process. Scalia (1998, p.182) cautions that with more than five hundred members of the legislature, it is nearly impossible to ascertain the collective intention of all the members when establishing original intent in any statute. Additionally, the application of original intent requires one to revisit legis lator history, which creates a lack of appropriate respect for the wording of the text (Scalia, 1998, p.179). Comparison of the theory to textualism indicates the latter to be simpler in application. However, it is important to note that both theories possess elements that overlap with such ease of application, thus making them appear relative albeit only with regard to ease of application. Common law use of Precedence The principle of precedence essentially suggests that in order to establish the applicability of statutes and the constitution to cases, a judge or lawyer has to consider previous judicial decisions on matters exhibiting similarities in terms of facts. Ordinarily, the principle aims at creating a sense of uniformity and consistency in decision making that eases the task of judges and lawyers when evaluating cases.Advertising Looking for essay on constitutional law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the uniqueness of some facts in specific cases makes adherence with such uniformity problematic. Usually, in instances where the points in a particular case reveal elements absent in past cases providing precedence, a judge has to make a fresh decision for purposes of utilization as precedence in future cases (O’Brien, 2012, p. 309). The concept adheres by several rules, one of which is that the facts in the current case have to exhibit striking similarities with the applicable case law. Secondly, the hierarchy of courts dictates the effect that the precedent has on the current case. Usually, the high court, court of appeal, and the Supreme Court create decisions that are binding in nature while those of lower courts often have a suggestive appeal as opposed to an authoritative one (Scalia, 1998, p.190). Thirdly, case law, which is the primary source of law concerning this principle, serves to fill gaps regarding certain matters for which statutes provide no satisfac tory means of resolution. Ideally, the application of precedent cases in decision-making eliminates the need to deal with issues of ambiguity and vagueness (O’Brien, 2012, p. 421). The use of past cases with similar facts makes it easy for lawmakers to establish a decision. An analysis of these facts reveals this method of interpretation to be comfortable and more practical than originalism. However, this theory is not without its challenges. One of the most controversial issues surrounding the theory’s application is its tendency to overlap with the legislative mandate regarding the formulation and enactment of laws in statutes. Scalia (1998, p.178) argues that the principle creates a threshold through which the judiciary crosses into the territory of the legislature, thus breaching the concept of separation of powers. He notes that the legislature reserves all rights to formulate laws while the judiciary’s task is to enact these laws. However, by creating case law and using it as a basis for decision-making, the judiciary turns itself into a law-making body, which is contrary to its purpose (Scalia, 1998, p.189). In his book, Scalia (1998, p.192) argues that this mistake comes from educational institutions that teach students how to derive law from past cases. By doing so, law professors create a breed of lawyers and judges that considers case laws more as compared to what it does to actual law in statutes and the constitution. He explains that even though the principle still gives regard to statutory law, the importance that it accords such law is not as high as it should be. In his opinion, the application of case law as the basis for decisions creates a scenario where historical legislation overshadows current legislation and diminishes the importance of the legislature (Scalia, 1998, p.194). Therefore, the principle in Scalia’s view is flawed and it fades in comparison to his textualism principle. Conclusion Theoretically, usi ng the principle of textualism as a method of constitutional and statutory interpretation is easier than applying theories such as precedence and originalism as the application of the law does not require any interpretation other than the literal meaning of the text. However, the practical aspect of such application reveals that the principle is riddled with limitations like any other theory. References O’Brien, D. (2012). Judges on Judging: Views from the Bench (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press. Scalia, A. (1998). A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. This essay on U.S Supreme Court: Antonin Scalia as a textualist was written and submitted by user Judah V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

3 Reasons Trucking is on the Rise

3 Reasons Trucking is on the Rise Have you ever seen those commercials on TV for tractor-trailer training schools? They always make professional truck driving look fun and fulfilling: keep on trucking through this great land of ours, and make a living doing it. Sounds pretty appealing, right? Well, it turns out that it just may be the career (or career change) for you and here are 3 reasons why. 1. It’s BoomingAccording to Federal Travel Regulation (FTR) research, the professional truck driving industry is on a serious upswing right now. The FTR tracks growth and aggregates positive (or negative) characteristics like pay, demand, and growth in an industry. For 2014 (and 2015 so far), trucking has grown greatly in all of those areas. Especially in demand, which means that new drivers would be entering the field at a great time.2. It’s ProfitableAs demand for professional drivers goes up, so does the rate of pay and number of jobs available for drivers. Most carriers are able to get rising rates for their drivers, building on a strong 2014. The FTR’s high rating of the trucking field shows that pay, benefits, and stability are likely to continue on that positive path for the time being.3. It’s Getting Better All the TimeWith customer-driven commerce growing all the time, the trucking industry needs to keep up with the demand for drivers and offer a good amount of benefits and stability to get those drivers on the road. That the trucking industry has experienced so much growth in the past two years makes it a good entry point for new drivers. The FTR expects this trend to continue, on pace with 2014’s numbers.So what do you think? Are you ready to hop in the cab and hit the road?Read More at www.roadmaster.com

Answer questions related to psycholgy subject Coursework

Answer questions related to psycholgy subject - Coursework Example According to the video, a teenager needs more than nine hours of sleep for his well-being. My parents always made sure that I get enough sleep especially during my exams. Although the quantity of time they spent with me in my teenage was less as they were both working; still, the quality of time they spent communicating with me was high which compensated for their not being present 24/7. Sometimes, I wished they could talk to me more often when I would feel stressed out or emotionally disturbed. The only thing that I wish my parents would have done in my teenage is taking me out so that we could spend some time together outdoors as well. I have learned that, in order to reduce stress, it is important to drag myself to relax physically and mentally. I should do meditation or yoga function to de-stress myself. I should calm down my muscles and tell myself to relax no matter how much stress I am into. Since stress affects one’s ability to increase blood pressure and shut down pregnancy, it is something I should manage to save future inconveniences. High blood pressure cause cardiac problems which I definitely would not like to have, thus I will learn stress management techniques. How much control should parents have over their child’s genetic makeup is decided by Nature and not by the parents. No parents till date have been able to create the best baby according to their desires by manipulating with the genes, as the video says. Scientists believe that man knows very little of the complex machine that carries genes, and playing with genes is rather more complex. Man has been able to genetically modify animals and plants, but making changes to the genetic makeup of a child has not been possible as yet. Parents might want to operate with their unborn child’s genes but Nature has not given them full control over the genetic machinery. To foster healthy relationship with children, parents need to enjoy the bonding they share with them, play with them,

Ransomware Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ransomware - Research Paper Example The way the ransomware attacks a computer system is similar to the way a computer worm operates. This means that a ransomware uses the route of downloaded data and it may even enter a computer system through a network that is vulnerable against such attacks and is not properly secured. Ransomware developers use payload to password protect personal files of a user, encrypt data that is textual in nature or minimize the users communication with his/her personal computer by displaying notices that the system has been used for illegal purposes, it even overrides files in the windows registry area such as the file of explorer.exe or restrict the user from being able to use the system until the user has not repaired the entire system. The system of coercing the computer user through display of messages is regarded as scareware. The first ever created ransomware was created by Joseph Popp who named his ransomware as PC Cyborg Trojan (Emm, 2008, p.15). In this ransomware the developer had developed a payload that used to state that the license of a particular software has been expired and the ransomware even used to password protect the softwares on the hardrive and use to coerce the user into paying an amount of $189 to the developer if the user wanted to reuse the software or unlock the encrypted system. Josephy was caught by the criminal justice system and he was recognized as mentally unfit, Josephy gave his earned money to help in funding AIDS related research. During the season of 2010, ten people were arrested by the local authorities of Russia for developing a ransomware named as WinLock (Celtnet, 2012). This ransomware was indulged in the act of displaying images that were pornographic in nature and used to coerce the users into sending a premium rate text message which was priced at $10 in order if the users wanted to unlock their computer systems through a code. The developers of this ransomware earned more than $16 million; this ransomware did not use the technique of encrypting files and computer systems. During the year of 2012 a huge ransomware named as Reveton which was even recognized with the nick name of Police Trojan started spreading in US. This ransomware displayed a message on the user’s pc stating that the law enforcement organizations have detected illegal activities conducted on the computer system. For example: viewing and downloading of softwares that are pirated in nature and downloading of pornographic material. The playload used by this ransomware required users to reimburse the authorities by utilizing a voucher from an unknown cash service that was prepaid in nature. To increase the fear of the law enforcement agency, the developers used to display the IP address used by the user and the ransomware even showed the users that the intelligence agenc ies are recording their activities. During the month of August 2012, the developers of Reveton attacked US computer system and the message displayed by the playload stated that the user has to compensate for their illegal activities by paying a total of $200 to the FBI through MoneyPack card (PERLROTH, 2012). Defense Several methods have been identified by security software developers and other software develope

Durkheim: Types of suicide in society

Durkheim: Types of suicide in society Once he discovered that certain types of suicide could be accounted for by anomie, he could then use anomic suicide as an index for the otherwise unmeasurable degree of social integration. This was not circular reasoning, as could be argued, but a further application of his method of analysis. He reasoned as follows: There are no societies in which suicide does not occur, and many societies show roughly the same rates of suicide over long periods of time. This indicates that suicides may be considered a normal, that is, a regular, occurrence. However, sudden spurts in the suicide rates of certain groups or total societies are abnormal and point to some perturbations not previously present. Hence. abnormally high rates in specific groups or social categories, or in total societies, can be taken as an index of disintegrating forces at work in a social structure. Durkheim distinguished between types of suicide according to the relation of the actor to his society. When men become detached from society, when they are thrown upon their own devices and loosen the bonds that previously had tied them to their fellow, they are prone to egoistic, or individualistic, suicide. When the normative regulations surrounding individual conduct are relaxed and hence fail to curb and guide human propensities, men are susceptible to succumbing to anomic suicide. To put the matter differently, when the restraints of structural integration, as exemplified in the operation of organic solidarity, fail to operate, men become prone to egoistic suicide; when the collective conscience weakens, men fall victim to anomic suicide. In addition to egoistic and anomic types of suicide, Durkheim refers to altruistic and fatalistic suicide. The latter is touched upon only briefly in his work, but the former is of great importance for an understanding of Durkheims general approach. Altruistic suicide refers to cases in which suicide can be accounted for by overly strong regulation of individuals, as opposed to lack of regulation. Durkheim argues in effect that the relation of suicide rates to social regulation is curvilinearhigh rates being associated with both excessive individuation and excessive regulation. In the case of excessive regulation, the demands of society are so great that suicide varies directly rather than inversely with the degree of integration. For example, in the instance of the Hindu normative requirement that widows commit ritual suicide upon the funeral pyre of their husbands, or in the case of harikiri, the individual is so strongly attuned to the demands of his society that he is willing to take his own life when the norms so demand. Arguing from statistical data, Durkheim shows that in modern societies the high rates of suicide among the military cannot be explained by the deprivations of military life suffered by the lower ranks, since the suicide rate happens to be higher for officers than for enlisted men. Rather, the high rate for officers can be accounted for by a military code of honor that enjoins a passive habit of obedience leading officers to undervalue their own lives. In such cases, Durkheim is led to refer to too feeble degrees of individuation and to counterpose these to the excesses of individuation or de-regulation, which account, in his view, for the other major forms of suicide. Durkheims discussion of altruistic suicide allows privileged access to some of the intricacies of his approach. He has often been accused of having an overly anti-individualistic philosophy, one that is mainly concerned with the taming of individual impulse and the harnessing of the energies of individuals for the purposes of society. Although it cannot be denied that there are such tendencies in his work, Durkheims treatment of altruistic suicide indicates that he was trying to establish a balance between the claims of individuals and those of society, rather than to suppress individual strivings. Acutely aware of the dangers of the breakdown of social order, he also realized that total control of component social actors by society would be as detrimental as anomie and de-regulation. Throughout his life he attempted to establish a balance between societal and individual claims. From Coser, 1977:132-136. At the end of the 19th century a French sociologist, Emile Durkheim, recorded an apparent link between high suicide rates and a breakdown in social structure and organisation. He coined the term anomie for this state. This link has since been recorded many times in places outside France and appears to be real. However, its true significance has only recently begun to be understood with the development and exploration of the concept of social capital and its link, not just with suicide, but with health generally. (Stronger Communities One of 28) He wanted to demonstrate and establish sociologys scientific status by providing a sociological explanation of that seemingly most individual of acts-suicide. In order to do this he had to define suicide as a social fact that would require explanation in terms of other social facts (social structures and forces as conceptualized in his multi-layered model). The social fact to be explained was not the individual act of suicide, which might be better accounted for by a case study method where, in favourable instances, there might be enough evidence to make inferences about the victims mental state-motives and intentions. It was suicide rates, as disclosed by statistics, that constituted the social fact to be explained as an effect of an imbalance of social structural forces. Consequently, he proceeded to define suicide with the least possible reference to mental elements, excluding any reference to intentions but allowing for the need to distinguish between accidental death and suicide : the term suicide is applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result. Comparative statistics for countries and categories of people within each country showed that suicide rates were relatively constant; therefore, it must be a social fact that a collective tendency towards suicide existed. These collective tendencies could be related to sets of causes to produce a classification of types of suicide. The sets of causes were theoretically postulated on the basis of Durkheims conception of possible imbalances between centrifugal forces (too much individualism) and centripetal forces (too much social pressure). Two pairs of imbalances of forces are defined; one pair refers to the degree of integration or interaction in a group (egoism and altruism), the other pair refers to the degree of moral regulation (anomie and fatalism). The two continua of integration and regulation, and the four types of suicide, can be illustrated in Fig. 3.2 and summary: The first type of suicide, at the low extreme of the integration continuum, was egoistic suicide. Here rates of interaction in egoistic groups were low, and so values, beliefs, traditions, and sentiments were not held in common by all members. The result was that they weakened each other whenever they came into conflict. The collective life was diminished and individual interests were asserted. The individual lost the beneficial effects of group membership, such as support and revitalization, and consequently found little meaning in group life. Thus suicide rates were higher for Protestants than Catholics, both in comparisons between predominantly Protestant countries and Catholic countries, and between Protestants and Catholics in the same society. It was not the case that one religions beliefs condemned suicide and the other did not, as suicide was severely condemned by both Protestantism and Catholicism. The difference was that Protestanism encouraged individual free inquiry and, unlike Catholicism, it did not offer priestly and sacramental supports. Where a Protestant church did offer more of those supports, as in the Church of England, which had kept some of the Catholic emphasis on priesthood and sacraments (and had more clergyman per head of population than Protestant countries) the suicide rate was mid-way between that of the Catholic and Protestant countries. A further example of egoistic suicide was the higher rate to be found among adults who were unmarried compared with married people of the same age. And the larger the family, the lower was the chance of suicide occurring. Finally egoistic suicide varied inversely with the degree of political integration, the rate fell in wars and political crises. Altruistic suicide was the result of too much integration. The individual absorbed and controlled by the group had an under-developed and so under-valued sense of individuality. Such a person could not resist the pressure to sacrifice the self for the groups interests, even if it me ant committing suicide. Durkheim pointed out the similarity of the modern army and primitive society in this respect; in both there was a lack of individuality and a strong pressure towards self-sacrifice. Examples of suicides in primitive societies included suicides of the old or very ill, suicides of women on their husbands death, and suicides of followers or servants on the death of their chiefs. The much higher rate of military suicides compared with civilians in modern suicide was explained by Durkheim in terms of military morality being a survival of primitive morality, predisposing the soldier to kill himself at the least disappointment, for the most futile reasons, for a refusal of leave, a reprim and, an unjust punishment, a delay in promotion, a question of honour, a flush of momentary jealousy, or even simply because other suicides have occurred before his eyes or to his knowledge [1] p. 239. The next type of suicide, at the low extreme of the regulation continuum, was anomic suicide. Anomie was the consequence of social change resulting in a diminution of social regulation. He discussed two forms of economic anomie-acute and chronic, and then chronic domestic anomie. They were all cases of an imbalance between means and needs-states of disequilibrium, where means were inadequate to fulfil needs. Durkheim did not believe that needs were given in mans biological, psychological, or individual nature. Indeed, that was one of his main criticisms of the economic, psychological, and utilitarian theories of his time, because they ignored the socially-derived and variable nature of human needs. Passions, desires, appetites, ends, and goals could all become needs, and if such wants were not restrained they would bring unhappiness. The individuals wants were boundless unless a limit was set on them by an external moral authority. Acute economic anomie occurred in booms and slumps. In both circumstances old rules relating means to ends were inapplicable, and individuals were freed from social restraint, creating disequilibrium, unhappiness, and leading to an increase in suicides. Chronic economic anomie was a product of a longer term diminution of social regulation of the relation between means and ends. For over a century there had been an erosion of the influence of agencies that had exercised moral restraint over economic relations, particularly religious and occupational groups, and instead of being regarded as a means, industry had become an end in itself. Not surprisingly, suicide rates were higher in manufacturing and commercial occupations than they were in agriculture, because the latter still had traditions and customs that exercised constraint. (Not that Durkheim wanted to revert to older forms of organization, although he believed new occupational associations should be formed that would have some of the same functions as the old guilds.) Constant economic striving after limitless goals could not bring happiness, as was shown by the fact that the higher socio-economic strata had higher rates of suicide than the poor. Acute domestic anomie was exemplified by widowhood, which represented a crisis for the surviving husband or wife, who would not be adapted to the new situation and so offered less resistance to suicide. Chronic domestic anomie was discussed by Durkheim in terms of the way in which marital regulation affects the means-needs balance in men and women. He defined marriage as: A regulation of sexual relations, including not merely the physical instincts which this intercourse involves but the feelings of every sort gradually engrafted by civilization on the foundation of physical desire [1] , p. 270. Civilization had produced a multiplicity of triggers of mans passions, and only marriage could channel those needs within attainable bounds; bachelors, however, experience limitless horizons, which lead to unrestrained passions that create a disjunction between means and ends, and a state of chronic anomie. Consequently, bachelors had a higher suicide rate than married men. Ease of divorce had a similar effect on married men, producing higher suicide rates. Women, who had long been more restricted within the domestic sphere, had not had their sexual aspirations raised to the same level, and so they required less regulation. Marriage served to over-regulate them, particularly if it was difficult to secure a divorce (they had a lower rate of suicide in societies where divorce was easier than in those where it was difficult). As distinct from family life with children, marriage itself offered no protection against suicidal pressures so far as women were concerned. The interests of the two sexes were in conflict: Speaking generally, we now have the cause of that antagonism of the sexes which prevents marriage favouring them equally: their interests are contrary; one needs restraint and the other libertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Women can suffer more from marriage if it is unfavourable to her than she can benefit by it if it conforms to her interest. This is because she has less need of it [1] , p. 274-275. Fatalistic suicide was at the high extreme of the regulation continuum. He only discussed this condition of excessive regulation once, and that was restricted to an eight-sentence footnote. Examples were the situation of childless married women (presumably where divorce was difficult), young husbands, and slaves. He described it as the suicide of persons with futures pitilessly blockedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦or all suicides attributable to excessive physical or moral despotism. For some reason, not specified, he decided that it has so little contemporary importance, and examples are so hard to find aside from the cases just mentioned, that it seems useless to dwell upon it [1] , p. 276, footnote 25. Although Durkheim used the categories of egoism, altruism, and anomie (not so much fatalism) to distinguish suicidogenic currents, and collective tendencies, he admitted that in practice it was very difficult to separate the currents of egoism and anomie as they flowed from a single source-the loss of mechanical solidarity and the failure to develop a genuine organic solidarity. A moderate amount of egoism and anomie was necessary for progress. A certain amount of individualism was necessary for the growth of the division of labour; it was excessive egoistic tendencies that produced a pathological level of egoistic suicides. Similarly, with anomie, among peoples where progress is and should be rapid, rules restraining individuals must be sufficiently pliable and malleable; if they preserved all the rigidity they possess in primitive societies, evolution thus impeded could not take place promptly enough [1] , p.364. The language of forces and currents in states of disequilibrium was symptomatic of Durkheims effort to demonstrate that a sociological explanation of suicide could reveal hidden causes-in this case social forces that were as real as physical forces. Although his references to suicidogenic currents sound like an over-drawn analogy with electrical currents, in fact they refer to phenomena specified in his multi-layered model.

perfectly Imperfect: The Shakespeare Story :: essays research papers fc

"Perfectly Imperfect: The Shakespeare Story" Few authors today write with such universal understanding that their works will be popular with all types of people, and so successfully that their work survives centuries. These authors posses qualities we can seldom identify in their lifetimes. Yet we do know this -- William Shakespeare was one of them. William Shakespeare's parents were John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. John Shakespeare was born in 1529. His father was a small tenant farmer in Snitterfield, near Stratford-upon-Avon. He became a successful glover and trader, and owned civic office in Stratford. He was not born to the nobility, but he did have some authority in the town. In 1596 he was given by the College of Arms the right to a coat of arms and a crest. Doing that advanced his status to that of a country gentleman. He would belong to the upper class of rural society. That was the class just under the knights and the nobility to which the country gentleman could be promoted if he made money in trade or the law and had influence at court. His rise in authority began the year after he was married. He became constable of Stratford, in charge of keeping the town safe. From 1561 to 1565, he was Chamberlain, responsible for the oversight and maintenance of Corporation of Stratford property. In 1564, his name appeared on the list of Capital Burgesses. He was likely a member for a number of years, just without his name on the list. Capital Burgesses were the main English parliament representatives for towns or boroughs. Later on, he was bailiff of the town, and held many important positions throughout his life. William Shakespeare's mother, Mary Arden, was born to nobility, a wealthy family. She was the youngest daughter of Robert Arden, also a country gentleman, of Wilmcote. He left in his will to Mary the estate of Asbies in Wilmcote and six pounds, thirteen shillings, and sixpence. Within a year of her father's death, in 1557, Mary married John Shakespeare. William Shakespeare was the third child, born after Joan and Margaret Shakespeare. Margaret died before William was born, and Joan died sometime before 1569. William was born in 1564. His exact birth date is not known, though it is known that he was baptized on April 26 in the Holy Trinity Church of Stratford. His birthday could have been any of the four or five days before that day. Traditionally, it has been said that he was born on the 23 of April, the same day of his death and St.

Different Leadership Styles used in The Public Services Essay

A leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction for a team, implementing plans and motivating people to complete a task. The different types of leaderships used in the public services are – Authoritarian- Autocratic Leadership is a leadership style characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members. Autocratic leaders typically make choices based on their own ideas and judgments and rarely accept advice from followers no matter how it may benefit the group. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Authoritarian Leadership style? The advantages of Authoritarian Leadership Style are that it maintains order and discipline to all team members. It allows the public services to be deployed on time, quickly and efficiently and leaves the public happy. Young and inexperienced recruits will be told what to do and when to do it; this allows them to learn better and efficiently. It allows large scale coordination with other shifts or units ensures that decisions are made by those who are best equipped to make the decisions. This makes the decisions to be made very quickly. The disadvantages of Authoritarian Leadership Style are that it can lead to high staff turnover and regularly not turning up to work. This is because the staff may feel devalued and fearful of punishment. The team members rely on the leader for instructions and do not develop initiative, the team may have less responsibility for their own actions. Due to feeling feared this will make the staff to feel angry and resentful at being ordered to perform t asks without the explanations needed. What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Authoritarian Leadership Style? The Strengths of Autocratic Leadership Style are that they have improbable efficient choices made instantly. They get their work done as efficient and quick as possible. Their weaknesses are that some team members are not up to doing work as quick as they should and often leads to high levels of absenteeism and a large amount of staff leaving their workplace. In conclusion Autocratic Leadership Style is effective in the public services because all public individuals are happy and satisfied with the public services effort. All team members are disciplined to maintain that the team’s performance and the quality of team work are done professionally and efficiently. I like that  this type of leadership goes by their own turf and create ideas them self that will benefit their team. Their choices are made instantly and the public services officers are deployed as soon as an emergency has been informed by a member of the public. An example of Authoritarian Leadership Style- This Type of leadership is used in the public services, the main example that it is used for is if you are in the army. For example if you were fighting for your country in the Army and you got told to ‘get down’ then you will have to get down, or you could get shot. This type of leadership is used in most regiments of the army this is because you get told what to do and where to go most of the time. Another example is in nursing, for an example a patient has a cardiac carets a particular nurse will shout out for other nurses and doctors to go get one thing and another to do something else, it is very effective in many ways such as no one is running about asking what they are meant to be doing. Democratic- Democratic Leadership Style is an open and collegial leadership style where ideas between the leaders and the subordinates flow freely as the discussions are held in an open manner and where all members’ opinions are respected. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Democratic Leadership? The advantages of Democratic Leadership Style are that workers develop a greater sense of self-esteem, due to importance given to their ideas and their contributions. They will become committed to changes that may be brought about by policy changes, since they themselves participate in bringing about these changes. It’s often participative and involves employees in the decision making process. Being a leader will give you great confidence, cooperation, and loyalty amongst other workers. Active participation in the management by labour assures rising productivity and satisfaction. The disadvantage of Democratic Leadership Style is that it is a time consuming progress of decision making, in case of uneducated or unskilled worker, it is not very effective. Having evasive members, who prefers not to be involved in the team work and this may create problems with all the members. Due to the lack of communication by all members of the  team, some importance suggestions will be unhe ard, or missed. What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Democratic Leadership Style? The Strengths of Democratic Leadership Styles are that all team members have high job satisfaction and they are more productive as they are more involved in decision making. All team members are motivated by other team members and leaders. The weaknesses are that decision making can be a time consuming procedure. Some team members may not have the knowledge to provide the high-quality input that is expected. In conclusion Democratic Leadership is a style that is extremely effective in the public services, this is because there is one leader leading everyone else and making sure their jobs are done properly. They have a lot of time on their hands to come up with decisions and they make sure unskilled and uneducated workers get the chance to do work and get involved with other successful team members. Being a democratic leader will give you excellent confidents, cooperation and loyalty amongst other workers, this means that each and every team member can trust and follow the leader wit h confidents and hope to get their work done effectively. An example of Democratic Leadership style- An example of Democratic Leadership Style is used in the Hospital, such as if there are any patients there and that they are needing medical attention but the nurses are unsure on how to treat the patient they will discuss on what is best for the patient on what needs they will need and who will be the best to be dealing with the patient. Also it is used in the police services, if the police are dealing with a case they would come together to discuss on how to deal with it and to see who is more capable on dealing and doing the job most successfully. Laissez-faire- Laissez-faire leadership is a specific type of leadership style. It is also known as delegate leadership and is a leadership style where leaders allow group members to make many of the decisions. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Laissez-faire leadership style? The advantages of Laissez-Faire Leadership Style are that the leader itself will not be given work to do; this could encourage others into leadership roles. This allows  the visionary worker to have an opportunity to do what they want to do, with no interferences. With Laissez-fair leadership, the group gets very little, or no guidance from the leaders. This gives members of the group complete freedom to make decisions on their own. The Disadvantages of Laissez-Faire Leadership Style are that some jobs will fall back on someone else or are not completed to the full expected standard. This type of leadership has been proven that generates a very low amount of production among its group members, this means that there is less group satisfaction, less group productivity, poorer quality of work and less personal growth by the members of the team. What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Laissez-Faire Leadership Style? The Strengths in Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles are that they give each team members complete freedom on group decisions. The leaders infrequently make any suggestions on decisions to let the team members have a free mind on their thoughts. Although Laissez-Faire leaders are happy to help any individuals they only do so when they are asked by team members. The weaknesses are that they are too laid back; this will make the team members feel like they are not being managed in any way. The leaders expect team members to have freedom to think and to have ‘expert knowledge’ on what they are doing as they don’t lead in anyway. In conclusion Laissez-Faire Leadership style is effective An example of Laissez-Faire Leadership style- For an example, if you were to work in the public services and there was a murder investigation, FBI are sent to the scene of the crime, they would know what to do and then they are then able to be left there to do their job without any supervision needed. The leaders role is to be able to trust their team members to get their tasks done at good standards, for another example, in the army the leader will say to the squad to go and set up the camp in a particular location, after the team will go and do that without any hesitation and without any supervision by the leader. Transactional- Transactional leadership is a very direct style of leadership and uses rewards and punishments to motivate the team. What are the advantages and disadvantages in Transactional Leadership Style? The advantages of  Transactional Leadership Style are that the leader actively monitors the work and each individual’s from performance. All team members are motivated by being rewarded for exceeding expectations and excellent standard work. There is a clear chain of command. Formal systems of discipline are in place, if any team members are doing something wrong they will know that they have and will be told about it. The team is fully accountable for its actions and will be sanctioned for their failure. The disadvantages of Transactional Leadership Style tend to be action oriented and they will focus mainly on short term tasks. Some team members may not get a job satisfaction because of the reward and punishment ethos. It has serious limitations of knowledge-based or creative work but remains a common style in many organisations. All team members have to do exactly what the managers tell them to do and they have no authority. What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Transactional Leadership Style? The strengths of Transactional Leadership Style are that if the team members finished their work to the expected standards they will be salaried or rewarded for their good work and effort. Transactional leadership will lead and tell their team members what they expect from them and lead them to do their given tasks. Their weaknesses of transactional leadership are that if the team members do not complete their work to the expected standards they will be punished, their punishment could be such as, lower payment, extra tasks, or you could even lose your job. This will make it harder for team members to be open minded as the fear of doing something that they are not meant to be doing and being punished. In overall conclusion Transactional leadership is effective but not as effective as the other styles; this is because being punished for simple mistakes is a weak way to motivate team members. In my opinion the only place this style would be effective in is the army. Army is disciplinar y. If team members keep getting punished for mistakes they are most likely going to walk out and go somewhere else which is not very good for the leaders. It is effective if you are rewarding them for good work as this will boost their confidents and make them want to get a reward instead of a harsh punishment. An example of Transactional Leadership Style- Transactional leaders could be found within public services where people are  given rewards such as bonuses, training or time off if they show a good demonstration and excellent work. For an example if a worker needs time off to do training for a new task they could have the time off for good work and do their training that is needed. For an example, in the army if a soldier does not do as it’s told they would be punished, the leader will make them all do exercise as a punishment. You will see that the leader will either tell the whole team or the individual to drop down and do a hundred push ups. The leaders see this as a discipline role to keep punishing them if they do something out of place or wrong as it teaches them not to do it again. Transformational- Transformational Leadership Style is a form of leadership style that focuses on team performance as a whole by encouraging team members to think of the group rather than themselves. It is about moving forward as a team rather than individuals who just happened to be on the same project. What are the advantage and disadvantages of Transformational Leadership Style? The advantages of Transformational Leadership Style are that people will follow transformational leaders because of their passion, energy, commitment and enthusiasm for the team and their vision; they spend time teaching and coaching the team, they belief in others and themselves, they add value to the organisation through their vision and enthusiasm and they care about their team and work hard to motivate them-this reduces stress levels and increase well-being. The disadvantages of Transformational Leadership Style are that the team may not share the same vision if they are not convinced by other ideas and plans. If any team members do not believe that they will succeed then they will lack effort and ultimately give up and leave. Followers need to have strong sense of purpose if they are to be motivated to act.The leaders will believe that their visions are right when really sometimes they are not. Large amounts of relentless enthusiasm can wear out the team. Leaders tend to see a big picture but not the details they need to know, the leaders may become frustrated if transformation is not taking place. What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Transformational Leadership Style? The strengths of Transformational Leadership Style are that they are hand’s on with all team members. They spend more time cooperating to each  individuals of the team. The leaders motivate the team members by their efforts and enthusiasm. This will give the team members a ‘team’ feeling as a replacement of being informed what to do. The weaknesses that may appear are that they may feel that they are given excessive amount support and that the team members are not working by their own mind. As ideas are flying around by each person in the team, everyone is involved and not giving every individual the chance to give their opinions for their own work. An example of Transformational Leadership Style- For an example in the police the leader inspires the team to help make the world a better place, so the leaders role is to do the task so their team know exactly what the standard of work that will need to be done and correctly. You would be able to see this leadership style in the hospital, for an example, if a new team of trainees come in a hospital to learn and to experience their job. The teacher will show them how it’s done and let them do it after showing them, this is because you’re dealing with others life’s and its important that they do their job well. In conclusion Transformational leadership style is an effective leadership style, for the reason that the leaders show so much passion and commitment towards the whole team with great enthusiasm. This encourages individuals in the team to follow the leader and try and aim towards their standard of work. Each and every leader works hard to motivate the team into working hard to reach for what they are aime d for. The leaders are more on board with every team members and they take time into helping all team members, this is so all team members know exactly what they are doing in their own tasks. Bureaucratic- Bureaucratic Leadership is a style of leadership that focuses on rules and procedures to manage teams and projects. What are the advantage and disadvantages of Bureaucratic Leadership Style? The advantages of Bureaucratic Leadership Style are that they focus mainly on following a predefined set of standards or rules of governance and management. Bureaucratic leadership asks team members to understand and follow certain standards to procedures’. Team members are asked to repeat certain tasks for an example, on a production line. A Bureaucratic team can work extremely  well if they are a well motivated team and a well defined procedures. The disadvantages of Bureaucratic Leadership Style are that if a work habit has been formed that are unproductive, they can be very hard to break and replace with new procedures and this can alienate and de-motivate a workforce. Team members will lack their work effort and this will make it harder for all the team members to motivate each other and the lack of motivation can lead to poorly defined managerial structures. What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Bureaucratic Leadership Style? The strengths of Bureaucratic Leadership Style they make sure that each team members are obeying and respecting the procedures, most of the time for their own safety. This leadership style has a tendency to work well in a manufacturing environment. The weaknesses are that they do the similar work each day; this can be very hard and tedious for some individuals in the team that likes to be imaginative and original in their work. In conclusion Bureaucratic leadership style is an effective leadership style my reasons are that each team members are well taught to know what they are doing in their tasks and being able to remember what they are doing as they are told to repeat their work again, this is so each team member are able to remember what they learnt. As well this could waste time as their work are being repeated and they are wasting time on what they have done in the past instead of forwarding into new work to be working on as a team. An example of Bureaucratic Style- For an example this type of Leadership Style is used in the police force. If a police officer goes out on patrol on their own most of their time without a leader accompanying them, the policies and procedures’ are set out so the officers will know exactly what they can or cannot do. For another example in most public services all new recruits do the same test across that public service in the police everyone needs to complete a bleep test to a standard. People-orientated- People-orientated Leadership Style focuses on participation of all team members, clear communication and supporting and developing the individual in order to improve skills. What are the advantage and disadvantages of People-orientated Leadership Style? The advantages of People Orientated  Leadership Style are that they often energize team members. All team members will feel empowered and meaningful, and feel that their job satisfaction levels will rise. All team members will feel that they have a ‘say’ in all decision making and that their work place efficiency. All team members will be encouraged with feed back and ideas on how to improve their work. The leaders will often develop a much better understanding of their team, work place conditions and team members will receive honest opinions on their work by allowing them to understand what will be a good or not and to be able to get a better standard work. The disadvantages of People-Orientated Leadership Styles are similar to the advantages. If team members are given too much responsibilities without management guidance, their decision making duties can become very overwhelming and can become very stressful, which may lead to lack of team work and will lack the effo rt to complete given tasks to the full requirements. What are the Strength and Weaknesses of People-Orientated Leadership Style? T he strengths of People-Orientated Leadership Style are that they encourage each team members to voice their views out to people to get response comments. Team members are given tasks based on their own skills and interests that inspire them to work that bit harder; this will make the work environment much more pleasant and more motivating for each team member. The weaknesses are that they are not managed on their given tasks and this will make it harder for the team to complete their work to its full standards expected. In Conclusion An example of People-orientated l Style- For an Example, if you were to work at a care home and you were to have responsibilities or having to pick up your sick child up from school, you would be let to go home and someone else taking your place as you have responsibilities, where some don’t. If you had to be home for your children after school and had no one to look after them then you would have to go home and take care of them. Task-orientated- Task-Orientated Leadership Style is about getting the job done. The completion of the task rather than the needs of the team are the key goal. What are the advantage and disadvantages of Task-orientated Leadership  Style? The advantages of Task-Orientated Leadership Styles are that leaders communicate together to know where they want to take their companies to. The leaders organise certain tasks for each individual team members and ensuring that they have a clear understanding on their set tasks. Task orientated leadership style is a very well suited to structure work environments’ such as law enforcements and manufacturing assembly lines, in which repeating well-defined process usually result in consistently high levels of productivity and the quality of the work. The disadvantages of Task-Orientated Leadership Styles are that the team members are afraid to break rules, taking risks, this will lead to missing good opportunities and they will lack creativity this will result to going elsewhere to have better options and opportunities to do what they would like and to be happy with. To encourage creativity leaders should learn to say no to the people who mostly expect a yes, this is because cons tructive conflict leads to creative engagement, and this leads to a competitive opportunity between others. What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Task-Orientated Leadership Style? The strengths of Task-Orientated Leadership Style are that they certify that each individual has a clear understanding on what they are doing for their roles. Leaders will correspond with each individual to see where they are at on their tasks and to see if they are in need of any help to understand clearly on what they are doing. The weaknesses are that the leaders make the team members feel anxious to break any rules in the work place; due to this individual will not take any risks on their work to make their work a little bit more exiting and creative and they will stick to basic work, and this will be less creative to go that one step further in their tasks. An example of Task-orientated Style- Task-Orientated Leadership Style focuses on getting the job/tasks done and not worrying about anything else around them that are needed or happening around them. For an example you may find this in the fire services, they will focus on getting the fire out and saving lives on the job, it does not matter to them what they destroy during the process to get the job done, because their job is to concentrate 100% on the task and block any other problems out. Similarities and Differences Describing the similarities and differences in the different leadership styles used by the public services. Authoritarian and Task-Orientated Leadership Style This Authoritarian Leadership Style is quite similar to the Task Orientated Leadership Style in the way that the leaders are the only people who put input, this doesn’t create a team sense and can lead to little morale, and nonetheless it is an effective way in most circumstances. At the end of the day authoritarian leadership style can be one of the most beneficial styles, as it gets the job finished and finalized. The leader uses his authority’s power to instruct the team, and they learn to do what the leader says immediately. This style would be ineffective in a situation when the team are arranging out a situation, as more ideas would be better than just what the leader thinks on its own. Democratic and People-Orientated Leadership Style Democratic Leadership Style is very similar to The People Orientated Leadership Style in the way that both leaders take the team members opinions and give thought to their ideas, this can be very successful in many situations as 2 heads are better than 1 in the end of the day. Democratic Leadership Style can be a very effective leadership style in many situations where the team are planning out a situation; each individual of the team can put in input to make the action as effective as possible. This type of leadership style would not be used if they were in a situation such as putting out a fire; this is because you will need quick responds and action for that type of situation. Laissez-faire and Bureaucratic Leadership Style Laissez-faire Leadership Style is very different compared to the Bureaucratic Leadership Style this is because the Laissez-faire leader doesn’t get involved in any team discussions; they don’t put in any effort or input with their team. Whereas Bureaucratic leader will take control and puts in the most of the input to make the situation a lot better, both styles require the team to be on the ball all the time, but in different styles. In conclusion this can be an effective style in situations whereas the team is  experienced and hardworking where the leader has trust that they will complete the task on time and in expecting good standards, this is not always effective as the team has no management or help given to team members, so they must know exactly what they are doing. Transactional and Transformational Leadership Style Transactional Leadership Style is very much different to Transformational Leadership Style because a Transformational leader are incredibly encouraging and use words to make the team stronger, Whereas Transactional leader is a very harsh non-team based leader, who uses actions to make the team stronger. Both can be effective but in different situations. In my opinion I do not prefer this type of style as I would not see it as effective as the other styles, but it is very effective in training methods such as the army for an example and other disciplinary public services. It makes the individuals mentally and physically stronger as it encourages the individuals to work for what they want. Which Leadership Style is the most effective? In my personal opinion I think that the Autocratic, Democratic and Transformational Leadership Styles are the most effective this is because all three leadership styles have the most power and best outcomes by all individuals from each team. The Reason I chose Autocratic Leadership Style is because this type of leadership style leaves all public individuals happy and satisfied with the public services effort. All team members are disciplined to maintain that the team’s performance and the quality of team work are done professionally and efficiently. I like that this type of leadership goes by their own turf and create ideas them self that will benefit their team. Their choices are made instantly and the public services officers are deployed as soon as an emergency has been informed by a member of the public. Democratic Leadership is another style I think that is effective in the public services, my reasons for this is because there is one leader leading everyone else and makin g sure their jobs are done properly. They have a lot of time on their hands to come up with decisions and they make sure unskilled and uneducated workers get the chance to do work and get involved with different successful team members. Being a  democratic leader gives you excellent confidents, cooperation and loyalty amongst other workers, this means that each and every team member can trust and follow the leader with confidents and high hopes to get their work done properly and effectively. Another leadership that I personally think that is effective in the public services is the Transformational leadership style. The reason I say this is because the leaders show so much passion and commitment towards the team with great enthusiasm. This encourages the team members to follow the leader and try and aim towards their standard of work. All leaders work hard to motivate the team into working hard to get what they are aimed for. The leaders are more on boards with all team members and they take time into helping all team members, this is so all team members know exactly what they are doing in their tasks. My final decisions on which style is the most effective is the Autocratic Leadership Style as they are more outgo ing and has the most effect on the public and they are extremely hands on and getting their task done as soon as they are set out on the table.